Analysis of Agroforestry Farming Income in Boalemo Regency

Agroforestry is a farming system that is carried out by integrating agricultural crops with forestry crops. This research was conducted in Boalemo District in April 2018. The purpose of this study was to calculate the total income of agroforestry farming. Data were analyzed using a method of analyzing farm income for each crop commodity, while total income was derived from the accumulation of income for each commodity. The results showed that agroforestry in Boalemo was classified as simple agroforestry and early agroforestry with agrisilvikultur type. Total agroforestry income (PTA) is Rp.205.055.153/ha/year, with a total revenue Rp. 249.280.098/ha/year and the total cost of Rp. 44.224.945/ha/year.


Introduction
Agroforestry is a farming system that combines agricultural crops with forestry crops. This component is usually managed at the same time taking into account the economic value, environmental balance (ecology) and social value. Agroforestry is also a farming system that is able to obtain quite a variety of agricultural products, and provides benefits from various sides. Fanish & Priya (2013), stated that agroforestry provides benefits such as increasing productivity, soil fertility, soil conservation, increasing water use efficiency, microclimate improvement, biodiversity conservation, bio-drainage and carbon sequestration.
In Indonesia, many farmers have implemented farming through agroforestry systems with different combination patterns. However, the terms agroforestry are less well known among the people. In general, farmers only know how to manage forests with the aim of meeting their daily needs, so that some farmers who cultivate through this system do not take into account how much profit (profit) they get from each commodity, both short-term and long-term benefits.
Boalemo Regency is one of the regencies that has a fairly wide dry land, which is 39,214 ha (BPS Kabupaten Boalemo, 2015). The habit of most farmers who carry out monoculture farming causes several environmental problems (land degradation), so the government of Boalemo Regency replaces corn plants with annual crops such as cocoa, cloves, pepper, and nutmeg (Azhar, 2015in Khasanah et al., 2016. Some farmers in Boalemo Regency have done agroforestry farming and others have not implemented it because most farmers also need evidence in the form of profit or income data obtained by farmers as information on the success of their agroforestry farming. So that some other farmers can accept and adopt new systems or knowledge. Previous research on agroforestry has been carried out by Mulyana (2017) with the aim of explaining forest management systems and agroforestry performance in the Protected Forest Management Unit area. Based on the description above, the researchers are interested in conducting research with the aim of calculating the economic valuation of agroforestry farming.

Methods
This research was conducted in Boalemo Regency, Gorontalo Province. The location of this research was chosen deliberately with several considerations, namely; 1) the research location is an area that is mostly dry land and has the potential to be applied to agroforestry; 2) the research location is one of the locations where the farmers have implemented agroforestry farming. This research will be conducted in April 2018.
The population in this study were dry land farmers in Boalemo Regency. The selected farmers are farmers who have implemented agroforestry systems in their farming techniques. The population in this study amounted to 75 agroforestry farmers.
The sampling technique used is the saturation sampling method. According to Silaen & Widiyono (2013), the saturated sample technique is used when the total population is small, generally not more than 100. The total population in this study was 75 farmers. To determine the diversity of the types of combination patterns cultivated, the entire population of agroforestry farmers in Boalemo Regency was used as a sample.
According to Sundari (2011), income is the difference between total revenue and total cost, while revenue is obtained by multiplying the amount of production per hectare by the selling price.

Types of Agroforestry in Boalemo
Based on the results of the research, the agroforestry system applied by farmers in Boalemo Regency is a simple agroforestry system, because it combines trees with one or more types of crops a season.  (2018) Farmers combine annual crops that have high to low economic value. Based on the time scale, the agroforestry system being cultivated is the initial agroforestry. Early agroforestry was characterized by a larger area of agricultural crops than forest crops. The results of the research in the field explain that the total land area of agroforestry farmers is 140.50 ha (Table 1).
The area of land used for agricultural crops is 71.36 ha or 50.79% of the total area of agroforestry. The land area for agricultural crops is divided into three, namely for food crops of 50.35 ha (35.84%), plantations of 20.12 ha (14.32%), while for horticultural crops it is 0.89 ha (0.63%). . The land used for forestry commodities alone is only 0.81 ha or 0.58% of the total area of agroforestry farmers and 48.63% of the rest has not been planted. According to Mahendra (2009), the formation of the initial agroforestry system was triggered by the level of population pressure on the land. For farmers who have no income outside of agricultural products, this system is absolute, while farmers who have outside income have a relatively low level of dependence on land. This condition makes farmers try to use their land intensively by planting other types of both fruit-producing and wood-producing plants.  (2018) The agricultural pattern in Boalemo Regency includes the forestry component with a total income of Rp. 58,679,619/ha/year or 28.62% of the total income of agroforestry ( Figure 1). The agricultural component includes several commodities, including plantation crops with a total income of Rp.47,227,009/ha/year, for horticultural crops and food crops, the total income is Rp.6,753,567/ha/year.
The smallest income contribution is obtained from food crops, which is 3.29% of the total income of agroforestry. Based on the results of interviews obtained directly from farmers, the small contribution of food crop commodities is caused by several factors. These factors include: 1) market prices are still fluctuating, 2) minimal yields due to pests and plant diseases, 3) the amount of input production costs for each growing season. At the time of the study, the average price of corn at the farmer level was Rp. 2,500.