Journal Wetenskap Health

Assessment of Serum Interleukin 40 and 41 Levels in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Aya Ahmed Ghani — 2025-03-10

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disease characterized by inflammation, demyelination, gliosis, and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system (CNS). Interleukin 40 and 41 are novel immune-modulatory cytokines associated with inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The study aims to evaluate novel cytokines in MS patients and their role as a potential biomarker for JCV reactivation in MS patients. Five millilitres of blood were taken from 165 individuals (age range 18–53 years), divided into 109 samples from MS patients (37 males and 72 females) who enrolled at Dr. Saad AlWitry Hospital for Neurosciences in Baghdad and 56 healthy volunteers (18 males and 38 females). The patients were distributed into three groups: MS patients, JCV-associated MS patients, and MS patients without therapy. ELISA has been used to measure the cytokine levels in the blood of MS patients and healthy volunteers. The serum level mean of IL-40 decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.001) in the three groups of patients: MS patients (20.005±1.346 ng/ml), JCV-associated MS patients (24.520±1.454 ng/ml), and MS patients without therapy (24.686±3.008 ng/ml) compared to controls (42.287±4.742 ng/ml). For IL-41, its mean level also decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.001) in MS patients (1.397±0.224 ng/ml), JCV-associated MS patients (1.545±0.175 ng/ml), and MS patients without therapy (1.161±0.276 ng/ml) compared to controls (3.044±0.321 ng/ml). Newly discovered cytokines (IL-40 and IL-41) were negatively associated with the severity of the disease and may have a role as a potential biomarker for MS.

Biotic Factors Involued in Organic Recycling Matter Evaluating the Efficiency of Some Nanocomposites Different Paints

Faten Saleh Mahdi Al-Naqeeb — 2025-05-04

The study was conducted in the laboratories of the Department of Life Sciences, College of Education for Girls. It is one of the modern studies on recycling organic waste, represented by the leaves of various plants. The treatment unit was represented by a basin for recycling plant leaves, prepared for this purpose. The recycling stages were monitored by taking samples weekly until the organic decomposition process was completed, in addition to biological tests such as measuring the vital factors represented by bacteria, fungi, and cocci bacteria participating in the decomposition and recycling process. The study demonstrated the role of microorganisms in the biodegradation process, represented by bacteria at the beginning of organic decomposition and the beginning of the decomposition of organic matter. Their percentage increased after the fourth week of the process, then gradually decreased with the end of the decomposition process and the decrease in temperature. As for fungi, their percentage was low in the fifth and sixth weeks of organic decomposition, but at the beginning of the decomposition process they were present but in large numbers. Bacillus bacteria appeared at the beginning of the organic decomposition process and appeared in large numbers at the beginning of the fourth week of the process, and the percentage decreased in the sixth and seventh weeks of the organic decomposition process with the decrease in temperature. As for the organic matter, its percentage was measured from the beginning of decomposition until the end of the decomposition.