Transformation of Conventional Business Strategy to Digital Model: Literature Study in Africa

Abstract

The transformation of conventional business strategies into digital models represents a critical pathway for enhancing competitiveness and sustainability in African enterprises. This study presents a systematic literature review examining 68 peer-reviewed articles, institutional reports, and policy papers published between 2013 and 2024, with a focus on understanding the drivers, barriers, strategic approaches, and outcomes of digital transformation across diverse African contexts. The findings reveal that technological advancements, economic pressures, institutional frameworks, and socio-cultural dynamics serve as key drivers of digitalization, while infrastructural limitations, digital skills gaps, financial constraints, and organizational resistance act as significant barriers. African enterprises adopt varied strategies, including hybrid models, digital-first approaches, and platform-based ecosystems, which enable them to navigate resource constraints, market volatility, and evolving consumer demands. The review also indicates that successful transformation extends beyond technological adoption to encompass strategic reorientation, customer-centric value creation, and ecosystem collaboration. Despite progress, the pace and depth of digital transformation remain uneven, highlighting the need for coordinated efforts among businesses, governments, and other stakeholders to foster sustainable and inclusive digital growth. This study contributes to the literature by synthesizing contemporary evidence on digital business transformation in Africa and providing insights for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners seeking to understand and accelerate the continent’s digital economy.